Components of Diesel Engine Plunger High Pressure Oil Pump 1

The high-pressure oil pump for diesel engines is a plunger type oil pump. Its working principle is to adjust the effective pressure distance of the plunger by rotating the axial angle of the plunger, achieving control of the oil pressure by the oil pump. The engine crankshaft rotates and drives the cam on the camshaft to rotate through the gear. The cam moves the pulley on the top rod of the oil pump in a cyclic motion, causing the plunger to move back and forth within the plunger sleeve. The oil suction and pressure are completed through the cooperation of the inlet and outlet oil valves of the pump, Instantly generate a high pressure of over 10MPa, and spray diesel into the combustion chamber of the engine body with nearly 60 atmospheres of pressure through fuel injection pipelines, injectors, etc. to generate combustion explosion and work, and generate rotational power through mechanisms such as cylinders, piston connecting rods, and crankshafts.

Taking the A-type fuel injection pump of a diesel engine as an example, the plunger type fuel injection pump is composed of a pumping mechanism, a fuel supply adjustment mechanism, a driving mechanism, and a fuel injection pump body.

1. Pump oil mechanism

The pump oil mechanism includes parts such as plunger sleeve, plunger, plunger spring, upper and lower plunger spring seats, oil outlet valve, oil outlet valve seat, oil outlet valve spring, and oil outlet valve seat.

The plunger and plunger sleeve constitute the most precise coupling in the fuel injection pump, known as the plunger coupling. It is precisely due to the precise fitting of the plunger coupling and the high-speed movement of the plunger that the fuel can be pressurized. The number of plunger pairs for each fuel injection pump is the same as the number of cylinders matched with it in the diesel engine. The general plunger coupling is made of high-quality alloy steel, which has undergone fine processing and paired grinding to ensure a fit gap within the range of 0.0015~0.0025mm. Excessive clearance can lead to oil leakage and a decrease in oil pressure; The gap is too small, which is not conducive to lubrication of the mating parts and is prone to jamming. Plunger components cannot be interchanged during use.

The oil outlet valve and oil outlet valve seat are another pair of precision components in the fuel injection pump, called oil outlet valve components. The oil outlet valve coupling is located above the plunger coupling, and the lower end face of the oil outlet wide seat contacts the upper end face of the plunger sleeve. The contact surface between the two is maintained by tightening the oil outlet valve tight seat. At the same time, the oil outlet valve spring compresses the oil outlet valve onto the oil outlet valve seat.

The sealing cone surface of the oil outlet valve and the contact surface of the oil outlet valve seat are finely ground. The clearance between the pressure reducing ring of the oil outlet valve and the oil outlet valve seat hole is very small. The surface of the oil outlet valve below the pressure reducing ring is the guiding surface for its reciprocating movement in the oil outlet seat hole, and the cross-section of the guiding part is a cross shape.

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