Differences in Voltage Classification of Industrial Generators Part 2

High pressure, ultra-high pressure, and ultra-high pressure

High voltage and ultra-high voltage are related to the power transmission of power plants. The reason for transmitting electricity at high and ultra-high voltage is to improve efficiency. The lower current accompanying high-voltage transmission allows for the use of thinner and lighter cables. This reduces the cost of tower and wire construction. The high voltage range is from 115000 to 230000VAC, and the ultra-high voltage range is from 345000 to 765000VAC.

The United States transmits up to 500000 volts of voltage on high-voltage power grids. High voltage requires specialized switches and distribution boards. The control room has redundant switch capability. They can be remotely controlled or placed in manuals for maintenance and testing of individual supply systems. The substation provides step-down voltage allocated to local areas. Ultra high voltage refers to a voltage exceeding 765000 to 110000VAC. China uses the highest voltage transmission of 800000VAC. They are developing an 110000VAC system and currently using cables with a rated voltage of 120000VAC.

Medium voltage and industrial

Large industrial complexes and factories that require a large amount of electricity typically use medium power supply voltages. Electrical variational analysis shows that voltage is inversely proportional to the number of amperes. This means that as the voltage increases, the amperage decreases to complete the operation.

Motors and electrical equipment designed to operate at higher voltages consume less electricity and are more economical to operate. Most primary substations receive voltage not exceeding 35000VAC from public power sources. The primary substation can provide step-down electricity to the secondary substation or individual buildings.

The secondary substation distributes the electricity received from the primary substation. Secondary substations can be equipped with step-down transformers to further reduce the power distribution to control panels, thereby distributing power throughout the entire facility. A substation is typically located in an area that can serve one or more buildings within a property.

Any factory that uses medium voltage power supply to a substation requires emergency or backup power supply. Generators that supply 13800 volts of AC power are not uncommon. This power supply is very suitable for small and medium-sized substations and secondary substations. With appropriate generator support, the comprehensive facility can continue to operate in the event of a power outage. Provide a variety of design styles, including installation, soundproof enclosures, and portable devices. The portable device is installed inside the soundproof hood on a trailer towed by a semi-trailer.

Low voltage power supply and control

In the electrical/electronic world, low voltage has multiple meanings. A common rule of thumb is that any voltage below 600 volts is considered low voltage. Automated factories can use multiple voltages. Dividing electricity usage into power supply and control helps to understand electricity usage. Each department carries out tasks that are crucial to the operation of the factory. Both must work for production.

Supply

Factories that require power companies to provide medium or high voltage power can have a dedicated substation. These substations reduce voltage levels and distribute them to the entire property building.

However, not all factories require high or medium pressure. Some require low voltage of 240, 480, or 600VAC from public facilities. In this case, electricity directly enters the factory's distribution system.

Control

The system or machine that operates high-voltage equipment with low voltage is the foundation of the control system. Programmable logic controllers (PLCs) are very common in these systems. PLC receives input from sensors through the input part of I/O. Calculate and send output through the output part of I/O. According to the system design, both input and output are 12 or 12VDC.

The output can be sent to relays with DC coils and AC contacts. When the relay receives a DC signal, its contacts close. This energizes the device or component until the trigger signal is removed by the I/O.

All factories require electricity. When public power is interrupted and there are no appropriately sized backup generators, the industry will shut down.

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