Classification of Electric Fuel Pumps for Electronic Fuel Injection Engines

The electric fuel pump is the "heart" of the fuel supply system in electronic fuel injection engines. The electric fuel pump is a device that continuously draws fuel out of the tank and provides the fuel system with a specified pressure and flow rate. Based on the function of the electric fuel pump, it is known that the performance of the electric fuel pump will directly affect the working performance of the engine.

Electric fuel pump: Electric fuel pumps do have some advantages compared to mechanical ones. After being powered on, the electric fuel pump can operate independently. After turning on the switch, they can pump fuel: mechanical fuel pumps require the diesel engine to start or run before delivering fuel. Another advantage is that the installation position of the electric fuel pump is further away from the engine, so that the heat generated by the engine will not cause the oil pump to produce steam, thus reducing the risk of air resistance. Electric fuel pumps can better cooperate with cars equipped with computer control systems. In addition, electric fuel pumps consume less frictional power. Electric fuel pumps can also generate higher pressure than mechanical fuel pumps: depending on the engine and manufacturer, the average pump pressure is 15-60 psu.

The following types of electric fuel pumps are commonly used: bellows type and impeller blade type.

The displayed circuit controls the electric fuel pump: the current is output from the battery and then flows to the melting line (in the middle of the figure). The fusible link is connected to the fuel pump relay. When the ignition switch is turned on, the coil inside the ECC power relay is energized, causing the ECC power relay switch to close. When the power relay switch is closed, the fuel pump relay coil will continue to be energized. Once powered on, the pump relay switch will close, and then the current will pass through a normally closed delay switch. Subsequently, the current flows to the electric fuel pump, causing the pump motor to operate.

The delay switch is a safety device that will disconnect the circuit in case of accidental impact or accident to the engine. This prevents the fuel pump from continuing to deliver or splashing fuel in the event of a collision.

Bellows type electric fuel pump. A metal bellows is used instead of a diaphragm in the fuel flow of corrugated fuel from the fuel tank to the fuel tank in the carburetor tube type electric fuel pump. Stretching or compressing corrugated pipes can generate suction and pressure. The corrugated tube electric fuel pump shown in Figure 4-11 uses electromagnetic coils to raise or lower the corrugated tube. When current passes through the electromagnetic coil, the armature is attracted to move downwards, causing the metal bellows to elongate and the vacuum to suck in fuel. When the armature reaches its lowest point, the electromagnetic coil is grounded, the current is disconnected, and then the return spring pushes the bellows upward, thereby generating pressure that forces fuel to flow out of the fuel pump and into the carburetor.

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