Power Generation Technology of Generators Part 2

This article continues to introduce the technology of generators.

Backup generators have long been the main source of emergency power. If the size is appropriate, as long as there is fuel supply, they can serve almost any load.

Generators can be used with many different driving engines, the most common being gasoline, natural gas, and diesel.

The selection of a specific type of engine depends on the application, load size, and fuel availability.

Gasoline powered generators have the lowest cost, with power ranging from several thousand watts to approximately 100 kilowatts. The device is easy to start, especially in cold climate conditions.

The main drawback of gasoline generators is that the storage period of gasoline is relatively short, requiring special treatment measures.

Natural gas driven generators are slightly more expensive than gasoline driven ones, with a power of around 100 kilowatts. The natural gas driven generator eliminates fuel storage issues, but the operation of the system depends on the natural gas supplier.

The diesel generator has been proven to be sturdy and reliable. Diesel generator sets range from several thousand watts to over two megawatts.

For generators above 75 kilowatts, their initial cost is lower than gasoline and natural gas generators. Although diesel generators do not have fuel storage issues related to gasoline, their fuel does require regular testing and processing. They are more difficult to start than gasoline or natural gas generators, especially in cold weather.

Regardless of the type of engine being driven, in order to operate during a power outage, the generator set must operate under load. Running the generator without load for a few minutes does not fully test the generator, its cooling system, or transfer switch.

Reduce peak electricity demand

Although backup and emergency power sources have long been powered by generators, facility managers are using this system today to help reduce the cost of purchasing electricity. As part of the electricity pricing structure, most facilities face on-demand charging. By monitoring electricity demand, managers can see when they are approaching the peak of the month. If the generator goes online before the peak electricity demand arrives, the demand cost can be significantly reduced.

The cost savings from using emergency generators to reduce peak demand are enough to cover the cost of monitoring and automatic starting equipment for less than a season.

The growth in the use of electronic devices that require clean and stable power sources has led to the development of uninterruptible power supplies (UPS). The system aims to clean up incoming electricity and provide a continuous and stable source of electricity for building services. The unit can power the load from the personal computer to the entire host.

Although several designs were used in building UPS systems, the most common one is online systems. Here, electricity from public utilities is filtered and converted into direct current, which is then converted back into alternating current.

A set of batteries connected to the DC part of the system. The conversion/inversion process will filter out power transients, voltage spikes, voltage dips, and system harmonics, thereby protecting the connected loads. In the event of a power outage, the battery will automatically supply power to the inverter to prevent service interruptions to the connected load. Normally, the size of the battery can provide 15 to 30 minutes of service. If additional time is required, the generator can be connected to the system on the incoming side of the inverter.

Although the maintenance requirements are relatively low, regular inspections and tests are necessary for the battery to function properly.

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