Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator And Its Advantages

Rare earth cobalt permanent magnet and neodymium iron boron permanent magnet and other permanent magnet materials came out in the late 20th century. They have excellent properties such as high remanence density, high coercivity, high magnetic energy product and linear demagnetization curve, so they are particularly suitable for application in permanent magnet synchronous generators. Since then, permanent magnet synchronous generator has entered an era of rapid development. Compared with the traditional electric excitation synchronous generator, the permanent magnet synchronous generator has the following advantages.

① Simple structure. The permanent magnet synchronous generator saves the excitation winding and the collector ring and brush which are prone to problems. The structure is simple, and the processing and assembly costs are reduced.

② Small size. The rare-earth permanent magnet can increase the air-gap magnetic density and increase the generator speed to the optimal value, thus significantly reducing the motor volume and improving the power quality ratio.

③ High efficiency. Since the excitation power is omitted, there is no excitation loss and friction and contact loss between brush collector rings. In addition, the rotor surface is smooth and the wind resistance is small when the tight ring is set. Compared with salient-pole AC excitation synchronous generator, the total loss of permanent magnet synchronous generator with the same power is about 15% less.

④ The voltage regulation rate is small. The permeability of permanent magnet in the direct-axis magnetic circuit is very small, and the reaction reactance of the direct-axis armature is much smaller than that of the electric excitation synchronous generator, so its voltage regulation rate is also smaller than that of the electric excitation synchronous generator.

⑤ High reliability. There is no excitation winding on the rotor of permanent magnet synchronous generator, and there is no need to install collector ring on the rotor shaft, so there is no series of faults such as excitation short circuit, open circuit, insulation damage, poor contact of brush collector ring on the electric excitation generator. In addition, due to the use of permanent magnet excitation, the components of permanent magnet synchronous generator are also less than those of general electric excitation synchronous generator, with simple structure and reliable operation.

From the current practical application situation, its application still has some limitations and has not been widely promoted and used. The main reason is that the permanent magnet synchronous generator uses permanent magnet excitation, and the high coercivity of the permanent magnet makes it extremely difficult to adjust the magnetic field change of the generator from the outside. Because the excitation is not adjustable, the change of speed and load current will cause the fluctuation of output voltage.

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